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Anodized nanoporous WO3 Schottky contact structures for hydrogen and ethanol sensing

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This paper reports the development of nanoporous tungsten trioxide (WO3) Schottky diode-based gas sensors. Nanoporous WO3 films were prepared by anodic oxidation of tungsten foil in ethylene glycol mixed with ammonium fluoride and a small amount of water. Anodization resulted in highly ordered WO3 films with a large surface-to-volume ratio. Utilizing these nanoporous structures, Schottky diodebased gas sensors were developed by depositing a platinum (Pt) catalytic contact and tested towards hydrogen gas and ethanol vapour. Analysis of the current-voltage characteristics and dynamic responses of the sensors indicated that these devices exhibited a larger voltage shift in the presence of hydrogen gas compared to ethanol vapour at an optimum operating temperature of 200 C. The gas sensing mechanism was discussed, associating the response to the intercalating H+ species that are generated as a result of hydrogen and ethanol molecule breakdowns onto the Pt/WO3 contact and their spill over into nanoporous WO3.

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